Effects of magnesium sulfate on periarticular infiltration analgesia in total knee arthroplasty: a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial.
We explored the impact of magnesium sulfate on managing pain following total knee arthroplasty. In a randomized, double-blind trial with 90 patients, half received a blend of analgesics that included magnesium sulfate, while the other half did not.
Following surgery, the results showed that magnesium sulfate helped prolong pain relief and reduced the need for opioids. Patients receiving it experienced less postoperative pain and moved towards recovery more effectively.
Adductor Canal Blocks With Bupivacaine and Magnesium After Same-day Discharge Total Knee Arthroplasty Improve Postoperative Pain Relief and Decrease Opioid Consumption: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.
We explored the role of magnesium in reducing knee pain following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). In a study involving 119 adults, participants received either an adductor canal block with magnesium and bupivacaine or just bupivacaine.
Those who received magnesium reported significantly lower pain scores and reduced opioid usage in the days after surgery, without experiencing an uptick in nausea or dissatisfaction. This suggests that adding magnesium to local anesthesia could enhance pain management for TKA patients, promoting a smoother recovery.
Read More
9
Magnesium reduces postoperative knee pain
Magnesium sulphate attenuates acute postoperative pain and increased pain intensity after surgical injury in staged bilateral total knee arthroplasty: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.
We evaluated the impact of magnesium sulphate on pain levels for 44 patients undergoing staged bilateral total knee arthroplasty.
In this study, the magnesium group received magnesium sulphate while the control group received isotonic saline during their surgeries.
Our findings showed that those who received magnesium experienced significantly lower pain scores compared to the control group, both after their first and second surgeries.
Importantly, magnesium also helped reduce the need for additional pain relief medications in the days following surgery.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
7.5
Reduced knee pain
74 people found this helpful
Very cool! Calcium and magnesium work well together. I discovered that taking these in the evening allows for better absorption. The jar is large, and the tablets are sizeable. I've noticed significant relief; my knee pain has decreased, and osteochondrosis is less concerning. I prefer to take them in a course.
Read More
9
Incredible knee relief
14 people found this helpful
This calcium is very effective! I previously tried other products but was surprised by this one. After a half jar, I felt substantial relief from my knee pain, enabling me to walk and even run again. I was sceptical at first, but it’s been life-changing.
Read More
10
Sharp pain eliminated
10 people found this helpful
This supplement is miraculous! I struggled with sharp pain in my legs and cramps, but after five days of taking it, everything vanished. A neighbour also used it for her severe cramps and has not experienced them since.
We explored how calcium phosphate (CaP) injections impact knee pain, particularly in patients suffering from osteoarthritis-related bone marrow lesions (OA-BML). In this study, we compared two groups of patients: those who received knee arthroscopy combined with CaP injections and those who had knee arthroscopy for different knee issues.
Our observations showed that patients receiving the CaP injections experienced less frequent conversions to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) when compared to the other group. Notably, within the CaP group, we noticed a significant improvement in their knee injury and functional outcome scores before and after the procedure. However, patients who only underwent knee arthroscopy did not show the same level of improvement.
Overall, we found that adding CaP injections during knee surgery for OA-BML significantly enhanced functional outcomes over traditional surgery alone. This study underscores the potential benefits of CaP treatments in managing knee pain and improving quality of life for those suffering from knee OA.
Read More
9
Magnesium sulfate alleviates postoperative pain
Effects of magnesium sulfate on periarticular infiltration analgesia in total knee arthroplasty: a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial.
We explored the impact of magnesium sulfate on managing pain following total knee arthroplasty. In a randomized, double-blind trial with 90 patients, half received a blend of analgesics that included magnesium sulfate, while the other half did not.
Following surgery, the results showed that magnesium sulfate helped prolong pain relief and reduced the need for opioids. Patients receiving it experienced less postoperative pain and moved towards recovery more effectively.
Adductor Canal Blocks With Bupivacaine and Magnesium After Same-day Discharge Total Knee Arthroplasty Improve Postoperative Pain Relief and Decrease Opioid Consumption: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.
We explored the role of magnesium in reducing knee pain following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). In a study involving 119 adults, participants received either an adductor canal block with magnesium and bupivacaine or just bupivacaine.
Those who received magnesium reported significantly lower pain scores and reduced opioid usage in the days after surgery, without experiencing an uptick in nausea or dissatisfaction. This suggests that adding magnesium to local anesthesia could enhance pain management for TKA patients, promoting a smoother recovery.
Read More
9
Magnesium and bupivacaine effective
Intra-Articular Magnesium Plus Bupivacaine Is the Most Effective and Safe Postoperative Analgesic Option Following Knee Arthroscopy: A Network Meta-analysis.
We evaluated how effective magnesium, especially when combined with bupivacaine, is for managing knee pain after arthroscopy. Our study looked at data from 78 randomized trials involving 4,425 participants.
It turns out that magnesium with bupivacaine is the top performer in easing pain right after surgery and at the 24-hour mark, outperforming other analgesics like morphine.
However, magnesium alone didn’t show significant pain relief. We found that using this combination does not lead to more side effects, making it a safe choice for recovery.
Read More
9
Magnesium reduces postoperative knee pain
Magnesium sulphate attenuates acute postoperative pain and increased pain intensity after surgical injury in staged bilateral total knee arthroplasty: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.
We evaluated the impact of magnesium sulphate on pain levels for 44 patients undergoing staged bilateral total knee arthroplasty.
In this study, the magnesium group received magnesium sulphate while the control group received isotonic saline during their surgeries.
Our findings showed that those who received magnesium experienced significantly lower pain scores compared to the control group, both after their first and second surgeries.
Importantly, magnesium also helped reduce the need for additional pain relief medications in the days following surgery.
Very cool! Calcium and magnesium work well together. I discovered that taking these in the evening allows for better absorption. The jar is large, and the tablets are sizeable. I've noticed significant relief; my knee pain has decreased, and osteochondrosis is less concerning. I prefer to take them in a course.
Read More
9
Incredible knee relief
14 people found this helpful
This calcium is very effective! I previously tried other products but was surprised by this one. After a half jar, I felt substantial relief from my knee pain, enabling me to walk and even run again. I was sceptical at first, but it’s been life-changing.
Read More
10
Sharp pain eliminated
10 people found this helpful
This supplement is miraculous! I struggled with sharp pain in my legs and cramps, but after five days of taking it, everything vanished. A neighbour also used it for her severe cramps and has not experienced them since.
Read More
10
Pain-free hands
6 people found this helpful
My mother had persistent pain in her hands and feet, so I purchased this for her. She reported that she feels much better, with no pain if she takes one tablet a day. It's large and affordable, making it a worthwhile purchase.
Read More
9
Immediate pain relief
6 people found this helpful
This is my third time taking it, and it effectively alleviates my menstrual pain and promotes sound sleep. Following advice, I take three tablets on the first day of my period, which relieves my symptoms in just 20 minutes.
Knee pain is a common condition that can result from various causes, including injuries, overuse, and underlying medical conditions such as arthritis. The knee joint is a complex structure composed of bones, ligaments, tendons, and cartilage, all of which work together to enable movement and support body weight. When any of these components are damaged or inflamed, it can lead to discomfort, stiffness, swelling, and reduced mobility in the affected area.
In many cases, knee pain can manifest as acute pain following an injury, such as a tear in a ligament or cartilage damage. Alternatively, it may develop gradually due to factors like repetitive strain, age-related degeneration, or conditions like osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Treatment options vary widely and may include rest, physical therapy, medication, or, in severe cases, surgical interventions. If you're experiencing persistent knee pain, it's advisable to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment plan.
Calcium magnesium refers to a dietary supplement that combines two essential minerals, calcium and magnesium, which play critical roles in maintaining various bodily functions. Calcium is vital for building and maintaining strong bones and teeth, while magnesium supports muscle function, energy production, and the regulation of calcium levels in the body. Together, these minerals work synergistically to promote overall health, particularly in areas such as bone density, cardiovascular health, and muscle function.
Supplements that contain both calcium and magnesium can be particularly beneficial for individuals who may be deficient in these minerals due to dietary restrictions or health conditions. They are available in various forms, including tablets, capsules, and powders. When considering a calcium magnesium supplement, it's essential to choose a product with the right ratio of these minerals, as well as other supporting vitamins and minerals like vitamin D, which enhances calcium absorption. Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen to ensure it aligns with your health needs and goals.
Calcium and magnesium are essential minerals that play critical roles in bone and muscle health, which can indirectly influence joint function and pain management. While a deficiency in these minerals might contribute to muscle cramps and joint discomfort, there is limited scientific evidence to support the idea that calcium and magnesium supplements specifically alleviate knee pain. Instead, maintaining proper levels of these minerals is more about overall wellness and preventive care rather than targeted pain relief.
If knee pain is primarily due to conditions like osteoarthritis or overuse, focusing on anti-inflammatory foods, physical therapy, or other treatments may be more effective. If you're considering adding calcium and magnesium supplements to your regimen, it's best to consult with a healthcare professional to ensure you're meeting your nutritional needs and not consuming them excessively, which can have its own adverse effects. Therefore, while calcium and magnesium contribute to bone health, they shouldn't be relied upon solely for knee pain relief.
Based on user reviews, the time it takes to see results from this supplement for knee pain can vary. Many users report experiencing significant relief within a few days to a couple of weeks. For example, one user noted that her knee pain vanished after just five days of taking the supplement Read Review. Another user reported a decrease in stiffness in their knee within two weeks of starting the supplement Read Review. Additionally, some individuals mentioned ongoing improvements over longer periods, such as three months of consistent use leading to considerable relief Read Review.
Conversely, there are users who did not find relief for their knee pain within a similar timeframe, indicating that responses to the supplement can be quite individual. For instance, one user experienced an increase in knee pain after taking a different form of calcium Read Review. Overall, while many users have found relief in a short period, it is advisable to give the supplement a few weeks to assess its effectiveness for your specific situation.
The use of certain supplements for knee pain management has shown varying degrees of support from scientific research. For example, studies on magnesium sulfate have indicated its potential benefits in alleviating postoperative pain for patients undergoing knee surgeries, such as total knee arthroplasty. Research indicates that magnesium can lead to lower pain scores, reduced opioid use, and improved recovery times, demonstrating a promising role in postoperative pain management [5][4][17]. In total, numerous studies suggest that magnesium sulfate, particularly when combined with local anesthetics like bupivacaine, can enhance pain relief and patient satisfaction following knee procedures [10][15].
On the other hand, the role of calcium supplements appears less conclusive in managing knee pain. In a direct comparison between calcium gluconate and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections, adding calcium did not yield significant improvements in pain relief for those with early knee osteoarthritis [1]. However, calcium phosphate injections have demonstrated positive outcomes, reducing the need for total knee arthroplasty in some patients and improving functional outcomes [2]. Overall, while magnesium has strong backing for pain management post-surgery, the evidence for calcium additives is not as supportive, suggesting a need for careful consideration when choosing supplements for knee pain relief.
Based on user reviews, many individuals have reported notable improvements in various symptoms after incorporating this calcium and magnesium supplement into their routine. A significant number of users have experienced relief from knee pain, enabling them to perform daily activities more comfortably. For instance, one user shared that they could walk and run again after feeling substantial relief from knee pain after using the supplement for just half a jar Read Review. Another user highlighted a dramatic reduction in pain and cramps in just five days of taking it Read Review. Additionally, some have noted positive outcomes related to joint discomfort and overall mobility improvements, such as one reviewer mentioning that after using the supplement, their hand joints stopped hurting Read Review.
In addition to knee pain relief, others have reported enhanced sleep quality and reductions in menstrual pain, showcasing the multifaceted benefits of this supplement. A user stated that taking three tablets on the first day of their period relieved symptoms within 20 minutes Read Review. While many users expressed positive outcomes, such as reductions in discomfort and improvements in vitality, it's important to remember that individual results can vary significantly based on personal health and circumstances.
Based on user reviews, many individuals report positive experiences when combining this calcium and magnesium supplement with other products to address knee pain. One user noted that adding chondroitin to their regimen alongside the supplement resulted in remarkable decreases in both knee pain and mild back discomfort, suggesting that the combination may enhance overall effectiveness Read Review. Others have emphasized the usefulness of taking the supplement in courses, indicating that this approach may optimize results and enhance the potential for pain relief and improved mobility Read Review.
However, it's worth noting that individual responses can vary. For example, one reviewer experienced an increase in knee pain when taking a different form of calcium but did find success with another product from the same brand Read Review. Additionally, some users reported great results solely from the supplement, attributing their relief to its formulation. Overall, while many have found beneficial results from combining this supplement with other therapies or supplements, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare professional to tailor a regimen that best suits individual pain management needs.
Based on user reviews, the right dose for Calcium Magnesium in treating knee pain seems to vary among individuals, with many users reporting significant relief at different dosages. For instance, some users mentioned taking one tablet daily, which they found effective in alleviating pain, as one user noted, “She reported that she feels much better, with no pain if she takes one tablet a day” Read Review. Others indicated that they took multiple tablets, finding that a higher dosage enhanced their results. Another review shared that after beginning to take this supplement, users felt improvement after just a few days, with one user stating, “After five days of taking it, everything vanished” Read Review.
Several reviews also emphasized the importance of consistency in dosing over time. For example, one user noted feeling relief after a “half jar” of the supplement, suggesting that gradual accumulation could be key to its effectiveness Read Review. Additionally, personal factors such as age or existing health conditions might influence how each individual responds to specific dosages. Therefore, while many users found relief from knee pain with regular use, the optimal dose can depend on individual response and should be accompanied by monitoring to adjust as necessary.
10
Sharp pain eliminated
10 people found this helpful
This supplement is miraculous! I struggled with sharp pain in my legs and cramps, but after five days of taking it, everything vanished. A neighbour also used it for her severe cramps and has not experienced them since.
7.5
Knee pain relief
1 people found this helpful
My knee pain suddenly emerged—age perhaps? When I realised I was lacking calcium, I began taking this supplement. Within two weeks, the stiffness in my knee disappeared. I take one tablet before bed.
9
Significant improvement
1 people found this helpful
I’ve been taking this product for three months on my doctor’s recommendation, and my health has vastly improved. Night cramps have ceased, and my knee pain during sports has vanished.
0
Knees hurt
2 people found this helpful
This form of calcium did not suit me; my knee pain increased. However, the same brand of Calcium Citrate worked well for me. If my review was helpful, please give it a thumbs up.
9
Incredible knee relief
14 people found this helpful
This calcium is very effective! I previously tried other products but was surprised by this one. After a half jar, I felt substantial relief from my knee pain, enabling me to walk and even run again. I was sceptical at first, but it’s been life-changing.
9
Joint pain relief
4 people found this helpful
I ordered this calcium and magnesium for a friend but previously used it myself. I have low calcium levels and take it in 3-4 month courses. By the end of the course, my hand joints stopped hurting, and my husband's knee pain disappeared.
9
Immediate pain relief
6 people found this helpful
This is my third time taking it, and it effectively alleviates my menstrual pain and promotes sound sleep. Following advice, I take three tablets on the first day of my period, which relieves my symptoms in just 20 minutes.
9
Disappearing knee pain
5 people found this helpful
Strengthening my bones has been essential as I’ve had knee pain since childhood. As I age, I started taking chondroitin alongside this calcium and magnesium supplement. I’m astonished that my knee pain has remarkably vanished, and my mild back pain has also disappeared.
7.5
Reduced knee pain
74 people found this helpful
Very cool! Calcium and magnesium work well together. I discovered that taking these in the evening allows for better absorption. The jar is large, and the tablets are sizeable. I've noticed significant relief; my knee pain has decreased, and osteochondrosis is less concerning. I prefer to take them in a course.
10
Pain-free hands
6 people found this helpful
My mother had persistent pain in her hands and feet, so I purchased this for her. She reported that she feels much better, with no pain if she takes one tablet a day. It's large and affordable, making it a worthwhile purchase.
9
Magnesium sulfate alleviates postoperative pain
Effects of magnesium sulfate on periarticular infiltration analgesia in total knee arthroplasty: a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial.
We explored the impact of magnesium sulfate on managing pain following total knee arthroplasty. In a randomized, double-blind trial with 90 patients, half received a blend of analgesics that included magnesium sulfate, while the other half did not.
Following surgery, the results showed that magnesium sulfate helped prolong pain relief and reduced the need for opioids. Patients receiving it experienced less postoperative pain and moved towards recovery more effectively.
Effect of Magnesium Sulfate Infusion on Postoperative Quality of Recovery in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective, Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial.
We investigated how magnesium sulfate influences recovery after knee surgery. In our study, 148 elderly patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty were divided into two groups: one received magnesium sulfate, while the other received a saline solution.
This double-blind setup allowed us to see if magnesium sulfate could enhance recovery quality after surgery. Our findings indicate that magnesium sulfate does help reduce early postoperative pain and improves overall recovery in these patients.
Overall, magnesium sulfate appears beneficial in managing pain during the recovery process.
9
Magnesium reduces post-surgery pain
Efficacy and safety of an intra-operative intra-articular magnesium/ropivacaine injection for pain control following total knee arthroplasty.
We looked into how magnesium can help ease knee pain after total knee arthroplasty. In a study of 80 patients, those who received an injection of magnesium sulfate and ropivacaine experienced significantly less pain and needed less morphine compared to those who got a saline injection. This approach not only reduced morphine use in the first 48 hours but also allowed patients to regain movement quicker. Overall, our findings suggest that magnesium may be a beneficial part of pain management in knee surgery.
8
Magnesium enhances post-surgery pain relief
Magnesium Sulfate Combined with a Levobupivacaine Periarticular Cocktail for Analgesia in the Early Postoperative Period after Total Knee Arthroplasty.
We examined the impact of magnesium sulfate paired with levobupivacaine on pain relief after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). In our study, 60 patients were divided into two groups: one received the magnesium cocktail, while the other only got levobupivacaine. Our findings revealed that the magnesium group experienced prolonged pain relief, reduced reliance on additional pain medication, and effective management of early postoperative pain. Overall, this suggests that magnesium sulfate could be a valuable addition to pain management protocols following knee surgery.
7
Magnesium improves knee pain management
The effect of magnesium added to levobupivacaine for femoral nerve block on postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing ACL reconstruction.
We investigated the use of magnesium combined with levobupivacaine in patients undergoing ACL reconstruction. In this study, 107 patients were divided into two groups: one receiving just levobupivacaine and the other receiving levobupivacaine with magnesium.
Our findings showed that adding magnesium improved pain relief and satisfaction, but it also delayed when patients could first move after surgery. Overall, magnesium seems to offer better quality pain control, while also reducing the need for additional pain relief medications.
4
Calcium does not enhance PRP
Is There a Need for an Exogenous Activator Along with PRP for Early Knee Osteoarthritis? A Triple-Blinded Randomized Control Trial.
We explored the role of calcium gluconate as an activator alongside platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections for patients dealing with early knee osteoarthritis. In this study, participants were split into two groups: one received PRP alone, while the other got PRP mixed with calcium gluconate.
Both groups were evaluated over six months for pain relief and overall satisfaction. Interestingly, despite a noticeable decrease in pain and improvement in overall function in both groups, we found no significant differences when comparing the effectiveness of the two treatments.
This led us to conclude that adding calcium gluconate might not provide any extra benefit to PRP injections in managing knee pain for early-stage osteoarthritis, which is quite important for patients considering their treatment options.
9
Calcium injection aids knee function
Total Knee Conversion Rates and Functional Outcome After Calcium Phosphate Injection for Bone Marrow Lesions of the Knee.
We explored how calcium phosphate (CaP) injections impact knee pain, particularly in patients suffering from osteoarthritis-related bone marrow lesions (OA-BML). In this study, we compared two groups of patients: those who received knee arthroscopy combined with CaP injections and those who had knee arthroscopy for different knee issues.
Our observations showed that patients receiving the CaP injections experienced less frequent conversions to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) when compared to the other group. Notably, within the CaP group, we noticed a significant improvement in their knee injury and functional outcome scores before and after the procedure. However, patients who only underwent knee arthroscopy did not show the same level of improvement.
Overall, we found that adding CaP injections during knee surgery for OA-BML significantly enhanced functional outcomes over traditional surgery alone. This study underscores the potential benefits of CaP treatments in managing knee pain and improving quality of life for those suffering from knee OA.
References
Rai S, Patel S, Chouhan DK, Jain A, Thami T, et al. Is There a Need for an Exogenous Activator Along with PRP for Early Knee Osteoarthritis? A Triple-Blinded Randomized Control Trial. Indian J Orthop. 2024;58:905. doi:10.1007/s43465-024-01159-7
Stratton A, Wanless M, Abidi N. Total Knee Conversion Rates and Functional Outcome After Calcium Phosphate Injection for Bone Marrow Lesions of the Knee. J Knee Surg. 2024;37:341. doi:10.1055/a-2094-5724
Zhu Y, Shen S, Cui L, Wu L, Zhang B. Magnesium sulphate and sodium bicarbonate as additives for periarticular local infiltration analgesia improve pain management after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. J Orthop Surg Res. 2024;19:764. doi:10.1186/s13018-024-05233-6
Xu H, Hao C, Wang X, Du J, Zhang T, et al. Effect of Magnesium Sulfate Infusion on Postoperative Quality of Recovery in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective, Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2024;18:919. doi:10.2147/DDDT.S444896
Zhao C, Wang L, Chen L, Wang Q, Kang P. Effects of magnesium sulfate on periarticular infiltration analgesia in total knee arthroplasty: a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. J Orthop Surg Res. 2023;18:301. doi:10.1186/s13018-023-03790-w
Wang Q, Zhao C, Hu J, Ma T, Yang J, et al. Efficacy of a Modified Cocktail for Periarticular Local Infiltration Analgesia in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective, Double-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2023;105:354. doi:10.2106/JBJS.22.00614
Choi JW, Lahori A, Merlo JA, Gill O, Ghoddoussi F, et al. Adductor Canal Blocks With Bupivacaine and Magnesium After Same-day Discharge Total Knee Arthroplasty Improve Postoperative Pain Relief and Decrease Opioid Consumption: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial. Clin J Pain. 2022;38:388. doi:10.1097/AJP.0000000000001036
He Y, He H, Li X, Lei G, Xie D, et al. Intra-Articular Magnesium Plus Bupivacaine Is the Most Effective and Safe Postoperative Analgesic Option Following Knee Arthroscopy: A Network Meta-analysis. Arthroscopy. 2022;38:2897. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2022.03.013
Shi L, Zhu H, Ma J, Shi LL, Gao F, et al. Intra-articular magnesium to alleviate postoperative pain after arthroscopic knee surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Orthop Surg Res. 2021;16:111. doi:10.1186/s13018-021-02264-1
Zhao Z, Zhang X, Peng H, Li W, Liu H, et al. Magnesium Sulfate Combined with a Levobupivacaine Periarticular Cocktail for Analgesia in the Early Postoperative Period after Total Knee Arthroplasty. J Knee Surg. 2021;34:1463. doi:10.1055/s-0040-1710364
Condello V, Filardo G, Madonna V, Andriolo L, Screpis D, et al. Use of a Biomimetic Scaffold for the Treatment of Osteochondral Lesions in Early Osteoarthritis. Biomed Res Int. 2018;2018:7937089. doi:10.1155/2018/7937089
Shmagel A, Onizuka N, Langsetmo L, Vo T, Foley R, et al. Low magnesium intake is associated with increased knee pain in subjects with radiographic knee osteoarthritis: data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2018;26:651. doi:10.1016/j.joca.2018.02.002
Shin HJ, Kim EY, Na HS, Kim TK, Kim MH, et al. Magnesium sulphate attenuates acute postoperative pain and increased pain intensity after surgical injury in staged bilateral total knee arthroplasty: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Anaesth. 2016;117:497. doi:10.1093/bja/aew227
Chen Y, Zhang Y, Zhu YL, Fu PL. Efficacy and safety of an intra-operative intra-articular magnesium/ropivacaine injection for pain control following total knee arthroplasty. J Int Med Res. 2012;40:2032.
Ekmekci P, Bengisun ZK, Akan B, Kazbek BK, Ozkan KS, et al. The effect of magnesium added to levobupivacaine for femoral nerve block on postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing ACL reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2013;21:1119. doi:10.1007/s00167-012-2093-4
Koltka K, Koknel-Talu G, Asik M, Ozyalcin S. Comparison of efficacy of intraarticular application of magnesium, levobupivacaine and lornoxicam with placebo in arthroscopic surgery. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2011;19:1884. doi:10.1007/s00167-011-1497-x
Chen Y, Zhang Y, Zhu YL, Fu PL. Efficacy and safety of an intra-operative intra-articular magnesium/ropivacaine injection for pain control following total knee arthroplasty. J Int Med Res. 2009;37:1733.
Farouk S, Aly A. A comparison of intra-articular magnesium and/or morphine with bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia after arthroscopic knee surgery. J Anesth. 2009;23:508. doi:10.1007/s00540-009-0822-8